WORK ABROAD

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It's not always easy to secure a work visa, but if successful, you could be living in one of the world's most liveable cities. According to Numbero's Quality of Life Index 2023, Brisbane, Perth, Melbourne, Adelaide and Sydney all rank in the top 100 cities globally.

With a population of more than 25 million, unemployment is low at 3.5%, with Australia also offering some of the highest graduate salaries in the world. Given the advantages for those looking to kickstart a career, why wouldn't you want to head Down Under to seek your fortune?

You'll need to use your free time wisely, as the country is vast and there are plenty of attractions to visit. Make time to explore Bondi Beach and the Great Barrier Reef, tour Sydney Opera House, drive the Great Ocean Road, see the red rocks of the outback and visit Fraser Island. With a mixture of cosmopolitan cities, national parks and coastal locations you're bound to find a pastime to suit you.

The Australian economy is dominated by the services sector, followed closely by agriculture. Tourism is also big business, especially in big towns and cities. Your chances of finding a graduate job are higher in metropolitan cities such as Adelaide, Brisbane, Canberra, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney but don't discount more rural locations. If you have the appropriate skills and qualifications, your prospects of finding employment are promising.

Graduates in all sectors generally enjoy a low unemployment rate and have better labour market outcomes and salaries than non-graduates.

Recent growth industries include:

• childcare
• construction
• healthcare
• mining and energy
• science and technology
• transport.

For up-to-date labour market information see the Australian Government - Labour Market Information Portal. 

The best graduate employers, according to The Australian Top 100 Graduate Employers 2023, are:

1. Amazon
2. Capgemini Australia and New Zealand
3. Unilever
4. NAB
5. Adobe
6. FDM Group
7. Optiver
8. Nous Group
9. Westpac Group
10. Deloitte Australia.

If you're backpacking your way around Australia on a Working Holiday visa, work should be easy enough to find through word-of-mouth. However, if you're looking to make Australia your permanent home you'll need to apply through SkillSelect for permanent positions, while you can also be sponsored by an employer through the Employer Nomination Scheme.

Popular job sites include:

• SEEK
• Jora
• Indeed Australia
• GradAustralia
• GradConnection
• Workforce Australia.

National and local newspapers advertise jobs and recruitment agencies also handle vacancies.

• Agriculture
• Chemicals
• Food processing
• Industrial and transportation equipment
• Mining
• Steel

The country lists its skill shortages on the Australian Government Skills Priority List.

Currently, most skills shortages occur in:

• finance
• construction
• education
• engineering
• healthcare.

Shortage occupations include:

• accountants
• early years teachers
• human resource managers
• mechanical engineers
• veterinary nurses
• nurses
• web developers.

If you're joining the workforce, changing careers or would like to upskill, see Job Starter or Training.com.au to find fully and partially funded courses that could help you progress your career.

You apply for work Down Under in the same way you'd apply for jobs in the UK.

Australian CVs follow the same format as those in the UK, and you typically apply for jobs by submitting a CV (resume) and cover letter or by completing an online application form.

Speculative applications can generate positive results - just be sure to tailor your application to each individual employer.

The interview process also closely resembles that in the UK, and as such you could be interviewed over the phone or face-to-face before being offered a job.

It may be possible to secure a job in Australia if you work for an international company that has offices Down Under. If this is the case, you can apply for jobs before heading to the country.

For graduate roles, it's favourable to have the correct visa and be resident in the country before applying for roles.

You can undertake casual, seasonal, or temporary work in Australia if you are on a Working Holiday visa and aged between 18 and 35.

Tourism is big business and backpackers can find work in bars, restaurants and hotels. You could also work as a sports instructor or tour guide. The agriculture sector also provides several opportunities including fruit picking and farm or ranch work in the outback.

You'll also have plenty of opportunity to volunteer while in Australia as there are a variety of organisations dedicated to helping you with your experience.

• Conservation Volunteers Australia
• GoVolunteer Australia
• Seek Volunteer.

The national body working to enhance volunteering in the country is Volunteering Australia. You can search for opportunities, find the nearest volunteer resource centre, and find out more about the appropriate treatment standards for volunteers.

To teach in Australian schools you'll usually need Qualified Teacher Status (QTS), a degree and/or a Postgraduate Certificate of Education (PGCE) and at least some previous teaching experience.

As English is the country's primary language, opportunities to teach English as a foreign language (TEFL) are limited. However, Australia has many international students and expats who all want to learn the language, so TEFL jobs do exist in public schools and in private language academies. To teach English as a foreign language you'll need a degree and a recognised TEFL qualification.

Doing a work placement or internship can help build up your skills, as well as give you the chance to make contacts who could help you to secure a permanent job.

There are lots of dedicated Australian agencies that can help you to arrange your experience but most charge a fee, so make sure you find out all associated costs before signing up.

Search for placements and internships at:

• Australian Internships
• BUNAC
• Intern Group
• Placement Year International
• Travellers Worldwide.

If you'd like to work in Australia, you'll need the appropriate visa.

Those aged between 18 and 35 can get a temporary visa called the Working Holiday visa (subclass 417), which allows you to travel and work in the country for up to three years. To qualify for your second and third year in Australia on this visa, you must meet certain eligibility criteria and have completed specified subclass 417 work. This work is often referred to as 'farm' work but can include anything from fruit picking to being a tour guide.

For updated information on accepted forms of subclass 417 work, visit Updated Specified Work and Areas for Working Holiday Visa.

Once granted, you can do all kinds of work, but you can only work for six months with any one employer. You need to apply for this visa from your home country and will need to prove you have enough funds to support yourself during your stay.

For more permanent work you'll need to apply for a Skilled Migration visa. First, you'll need to submit an Expression of Interest (EOI) through SkillSelect. Once your EOI has been submitted you may then be invited to apply for a Skilled Migration visa. You'll then have 60 days to lodge an application and nominate an occupation that is on the relevant skilled occupations list.

The type of visa you apply for will depend on your circumstances and the work you will be doing. You can find out more at Department of Home Affairs - Explore visa options for working in Australia.

The main business language in Australia is English, so for some roles and visa applications you may need to prove your proficiency in the language. You may want to consider proving your fluency through the IELTS.

 Your UK qualifications will usually be recognised by most employers as the Australian higher education system closely resembles that in the UK. However, check with potential employers before applying.

To find out more about the recognition of qualifications see ENIC-NARIC.

The average working hours in Australia are 38 per week, Monday to Friday and a full-time employee is entitled to four weeks annual leave as well as public holidays.

Australian national public holidays include:

• New Year's Day
• Australia Day
• Good Friday
• Easter Monday
• Anzac Day
• Christmas Day
• Boxing Day.

Bear in mind that the number of public holidays you are entitled to varies depending on where you are based in the country. Other public holidays such as the King's birthday and Labour Day are declared by state and territory governments.

As a non-resident you'll pay considerably more tax than Australian residents. For more information on tax rates and working conditions see:

• Australian Taxation Office
• Australia.gov.au - Fair Work Ombudsman

Relocating to Austria is a fantastic opportunity to not only develop your career prospects but also to learn a second language. While English is widely spoken, German is Austria's official language, and fluency is essential for success in the workplace. Mastering German will not only boost your CV but also open doors to a deep cultural experience.

Austria caters to all interests in your free time, where you can hike the challenging trails of the stunning Stubai Alps or witness the roar of engines at the Formula One Austrian Grand Prix held in Spielberg every July. You can also immerse yourself in the country's rich history with a visit to Vienna's Schönbrunn Palace, or relive the magic of The Sound of Music with a tour of Salzburg, the city where this beloved classic was filmed.

Austria stands out in Europe for its stable economy, fuelled by a network of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). While the service industry generates the biggest share of Austria's income, manufacturing is also a large portion, with mechanical and steel engineering, chemicals, and automotive manufacturing, supporting the country's industrial sector.

• Chemicals and metals
• Electronics
• Food industries
• Machinery
• Vehicle manufacturing

Austria is renowned for its centuries-old tradition of craftsmanship, and its jewellery, ceramics, and glassware are highly sought-after around the world. The country's stunning landscapes and historic cities like Vienna and Salzburg fuel a booming hospitality and tourism industry, offering plenty of opportunities for those looking for work in the travel industry.

To search for job vacancies in Austria, visit:

• Glassdoor - English speaking jobs in Austria
• Jobted Austria (in German)
• StepStone Austria
• English Job Search

A skilled workforce is in high demand across various sectors in Austria, including engineers and construction professionals, as well as registered nurses and certified social workers.

In demand graduate jobs include:

• engineers for data processing
• physicians
• nurses
• cost accountants
• ophthalmic opticians.

Visit migration.gv.at - Austria-wide shortage occupations for a full list of Austria's skills shortage areas.

If you're searching for job openings in Austria, you can use online employment services such as EURES. However, some employers may not prefer online applications, so you may need to submit your application via post.

When sending your application, include the following details:

• a detailed CV with a photograph of yourself
• your qualification certificates
• brief details of any relevant work experience
• details of any voluntary work
• personal interests
• contact details
• your education history.

Your CV should not exceed two pages and must be accompanied by a cover letter, both written in German. If you are invited for an interview, make sure to dress formally and arrive on time, as Austrian employers consider punctuality to be of great importance.

There are plenty of seasonal work opportunities in Austria. During the summer months, bustling tourist destinations offer a variety of roles in bars, cafes, restaurants, and clubs. This is a great way to develop your hospitality skills while experiencing the energy of Austria's tourist scene.

In winter, Austria's renowned ski resorts become a job seeker's paradise. You can train as a ski instructor and share your passion for snow sports, or take on a role at a resort, like a lift operator or chalet host. Seasonal jobs offer a great way to explore Austria, and the work experience gained can enhance your CV. If you're interested in winter positions, browse Snow Season Central to find vacancies during ski season.

If you're looking for a different kind of seasonal work, consider grape picking or an au pair role. Although these positions may offer lower salaries, they often come with included accommodation and meals, making them budget-friendly choices. Additionally, you don't need to be fluent in German to secure an au pair role, meaning you can immerse yourself in the language and culture.

If you're seeking hands-on experience and can manage your own expenses, volunteering opportunities are another rewarding path. It's a great way to explore breathtaking scenery, gain valuable work experience, and boost your CV.

Volunteering schemes are available through:

• Concordia
• International Voluntary Service (IVS) in Britain
• WWOOF Austria - giving you the chance to volunteer on organic farms while getting to know the locals.

Austria has a high rate of English proficiency, but there's still a need for qualified English teachers. The competition can be tough, particularly in Vienna and Salzburg. However, your chances of landing a job increase significantly if you have a TEFL or TESOL certification.

You can apply for teaching positions in public schools, private language academies, or universities, where you'll have the opportunity to assist students with different abilities. You may be teaching young children who are just starting to learn, or business professionals who want to improve their skills.

The British Council's Language Assistants Programme is a great way to get started. It's a year-long scheme that places you in two Austrian schools, with a workload of around 13 hours per week. You'll receive a monthly stipend of €1,400 (£1,205), and the programme is open to participants under 35 with basic German (A2 level).

For more information, see the British Council Language Assistants - Austria.

If you're looking for an internship or work placement in Austria, there are plenty of opportunities available for both short-term and year-long programmes. Not only will you gain valuable experience, but you'll also get to explore the beauty of Austria.

However, if you're from outside the European Union (EU), you'll need to obtain an Austrian National Visa (Visa D) before starting your internship - keep this in mind while planning.

For those interested in science and technology, the Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria offers year-round opportunities as well as their summer programme, the ISTernship.

UK students seeking international work experience can participate in the Turing Scheme, a government-funded programme that supports international placements. Check with your institution to see if they participate.

Finally, AIESEC UK and IAESTE UK offer internships and summer work placements for students and recent graduates. AIESEC UK is a great option for those looking for any type of internship, while IAESTE UK focuses on science, engineering, and applied arts students.

If you are not from the EU - including UK citizens - you will need a visa to work in Austria. There are different types of visas available for various purposes, and you can reach out to your local Austrian embassy or consulate to learn more about the visa requirements. The Austrian Foreign Ministry offers a list of representation authorities worldwide, which includes the Austrian Embassy in London.

For UK citizens, GOV.UK - Travel to Austria for work can also be a useful resource. If you are an EU or European Economic Area (EEA) national, you don't need a work visa or permit to enter Austria and seek employment. However, if you are coming from Croatia, you might face some restrictions.

For those who require a visa, there are three main types available:

• The EU Blue card is a type of residence and work permit tied to a specific job offer, and requires you to hold a university degree.
• The Red-White-Red Card is a points-based immigration system that allows you to work for an Austrian employer for up to 12 months and is available to highly qualified individuals, skilled workers in occupations facing shortages, self-employed key workers, and graduates of Austrian universities.
• The Jobseeker Visa allows highly qualified non-EU citizens to look for work in Austria for up to six months and requires you to apply for the appropriate work permit if you secure employment during this time.

To promote successful social and professional integration into Austria, The Austrian Federal Government has developed the National Action Plan for Integration (NAP) to emphasise the importance of a strong grasp of the German language - both spoken and written. 

Österreichisches Sprachdiplom Deutsch (ÖSD), also known as the Austrian Language Diploma, is the official examination system recognised by Austria for German as a foreign language.

You can take the exam at more than 45 centres located in various countries around the world. Additionally, several other institutions and organisations offer a range of German language courses.

For further details, you can visit the association of Austrian language schools, Campus Austria.

Thanks to the Bologna Process, an agreement between European countries to ensure comparability in standards of teaching and quality of qualifications, any higher education qualifications obtained in the UK are directly comparable to their Austrian counterparts. Therefore, if you're planning to work in Austria with a UK Bachelors, Masters or PhD, these qualifications will generally be recognised and accepted by Austrian employers.

As a general rule, it's always best to double-check with potential employers before you submit your application, just to make sure they recognise your qualification.

To find out more about how your qualifications are recognised, see ENIC-NARIC.

As an employee in Austria, you can expect to have an eight-hour workday and a 40-hour workweek. However, in some industries, you may work slightly shorter hours, with a 38-hour week. You are entitled to a generous five weeks of leave per year, which increases to six weeks after completing 25 years of service. Additionally, there are 13 annual paid public holidays in the country.

Each job sector sets its own minimum wage, as there is no national statutory minimum wage. In general, the collective agreement sets the minimum wage at €1,500 (£1,291) per month, although individual employers may set their own minimum wage in rare cases.

A typical salary in Austria is around €40,000 (excluding Vienna, which has a higher average salary), which is equivalent to approximately £42,000. The country has a progressive rate of income tax that ranges up to 50%. The amount of tax you pay depends on your income, and income tax and insurance contributions are deducted from your salary.

For more information on tax and working conditions, see migration.gov.at - Income and taxation.

• Discover what it's like to study in Austria.

As a federal state, Belgium is divided into three distinct regions:  

• Flanders in the north 
• Brussels-Capital Region in the centre 
• Wallonia in the south. 

This cultural landscape is reflected in its three official languages: Dutch, French, and German. While English is widely spoken, especially in business and international circles, having a grasp of one of the official languages can enhance your experience and career prospects. 

From the historic charm of Brussels to the picturesque landscapes of the Ardennes, Belgium offers a rich tapestry of experiences. When seeking employment in Belgium, it's important to embrace its diversity, appreciate its unique culture, and be open to the many opportunities it has to offer.

Belgium's job market, especially in Brussels, is highly competitive. As the headquarters for the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO), the city attracts an array of international professionals. Fluency in at least one of Belgium's official languages (Dutch, French, or German) is essential for success in this environment. 

Most Belgians work in the public sector, with significant representation in: 

• banking 
• law 
• media 
• retail 
• tourism 
• transportation.  

However, job opportunities in the industrial sector are relatively limited. Belgium has a large expat community of over a tenth (13%) of the total population and welcomes workers from a range of industries.

• Engineering
• Pharmaceuticals
• Processed food and beverages
• Transportation equipment and motor vehicle assembly
• Textiles

Service and high-tech industries are concentrated in the Flanders region in the north, while coal and steel manufacturing are primarily found in the south. 

Other large Belgian employers include: 

• Ageas (insurance) 
• Anheuser-Busch InBev (brewing) 
• Bekaert (steel wires) 
• Banque Nationale de Belgique (banking) 
• Colruyt Group (food retail) 
• D'Ieteren (vehicle distribution) 
• Elia (energy) 
• KBC Bank (banking) 
• Proximus (telecommunications) 
• Solvay (chemicals) 
• UCB (biopharmaceuticals) 
• Umicore (materials technology). 

You can search for jobs in Belgium at: 

• BrusselsJobs 
• EuroBrussels 
• Jobat 
• Jobs in Brussels 

In addition, jobs are advertised in newspapers of all three communities (Flemish, French and German).

Belgium is experiencing a shortage of skilled workers across various sectors, creating a unique opportunity for global talent. This labour shortage has led to increased demand for professionals in fields such as: 

• accountancy 
• administration 
• architecture 
• engineering  
• IT 
• nursing and midwifery 
• project management 
• teaching 
• technical and commercial sales.

The Belgian application process mirrors the UK's, requiring: 

• an application form 
• a CV 
• a cover letter in the relevant language 
• references.  

The process concludes with an interview. 

Writing your job application in the appropriate language (Dutch, French, or German) is crucial, depending on your chosen place of residence and employment. While some organisations may accept English applications, it's always wise to confirm their language preferences before submitting your application. 

Non-EU citizens seeking work in Belgium are advised to apply for jobs from their home country, as a job offer is often required for visa acquisition. Alternatively, they could secure a position with an international organisation based in their home country and then transfer to its Belgian offices. 

If you currently reside in Belgium, you can register with recruitment agencies like: 

• Adecco 
• Randstad 
• Michael Page.  

Sector-specialist agencies are also available, and a list can be found on Golden Pages Belgium. 

Each of Belgium's four regions has its own public employment office. You can receive professional career advice and search for jobs and training courses at: 

• Actiris (Brussels)  
• VDAB (Flanders) 
• Le Forem (Walloon) 
• ADG (German community).

Belgium is a popular tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the globe. Cities like Brussels, Bruges, Antwerp, Ghent, and Ypres offer rich history and unique charm. This thriving tourism industry creates numerous job opportunities in hospitality, especially during the summer and part time throughout the year. 

If you want to strengthen your CV, improve your language skills, and gain experience in multilingual environments, volunteering is a great option. 

Belgium, with its multicultural landscape, is an ideal destination for TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) teachers. The country's diverse educational landscape offers a wealth of opportunities for educators to share their knowledge and make a lasting positive impact on students of all ages. 

To research TEFL opportunities, see: 

• ESL Base 
• Teachaway 
• TEFL.com 

Aspiring English teachers can also consider the British Council's English Language Assistants (ELA) Programme. It offers a unique opportunity to work as a language assistant in schools or higher education institutions across Belgium, sharing your English language expertise with students. 

To be eligible, you must have completed most of your secondary education in the UK. You must also have completed at least two years of university education and have a B1 level in French. 

In Belgium, internships are widely available and highly regarded. They offer a valuable addition to your CV and a stepping stone towards a successful career. Interns can work in several Belgian cities, such as:  

• Zaventem 
• Bruges 
• Ghent 
• Antwerp. 

Organisations such as Deloitte and PwC provide internship opportunities for students and recent graduates in various fields, including: 

• accountancy 
• economics 
• engineering 
• IT 
• law 
• office management 
• tax. 

Programmes in Belgium offering internships include: 

• AIESEC UK - a traineeship exchange lasting six weeks to 18 months for students and recent graduates, providing opportunities to work and volunteer in different countries.  
• IAESTE UK - summer course-related placements for students in science, engineering, technology, and applied arts, allowing them to gain international experience and apply their academic knowledge.  
• Euro Placements can also arrange internships and summer work placements for students in various fields, helping them to develop their skills and build their professional networks. 

The UK government's Turing Scheme supports students seeking international work experience during the academic year. This scheme provides funding for students to undertake placements abroad, offering a unique opportunity to gain valuable work experience and cultural insights. Be sure to check if your university participates in the programme.

Citizens of non-EU countries, including the UK, must obtain a visa and/or work permit to work in Belgium: 

• Short-term visas are for those who intend to stay in Belgium for less than 90 days. These visas allow for tourism, visiting family and friends, or attending short-term business meetings or conferences. 
• Long-term visas are for those who plan to stay in the country for more than 90 days. These visas are typically for students, researchers, or workers who have secured a job offer from a Belgian employer. 

If you're applying for a long-term visa, you'll also need a work permit. Your potential employer will need to apply for this permit on your behalf, usually a year in advance. This process involves demonstrating that the position cannot be filled by an EU citizen and that the applicant meets the required qualifications and skills.  

For information on work permits and the application process, see Belgium.be - Work permit.

There are three official languages in Belgium - Dutch (Flemish), French and German. 

Dutch is spoken in the Flanders region to the north by the Flemish Community, but French is the first language for most citizens in Wallonia, which covers most of Belgium south of Brussels. French-speaking citizens are known as the French Community. German is also spoken in the southeast, where the German-speaking community of Belgium resides. 

Although English is spoken widely in Belgium, many Belgians are bi or multilingual. Therefore, having a basic understanding of Dutch or French before you arrive can greatly enhance your experience and make it easier to settle in. Once you're in Belgium, you'll find opportunities to take language lessons and immerse yourself in the local culture.

The Bologna Process ensures that your UK qualifications are recognised by employers. If you come from a country outside the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), you'll need to contact Ministere de la Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles or NARIC (Flemish Community) to get your certificates recognised. 

Some professions may require you to have your qualifications officially recognised before you can start working. To check if your professional qualifications are recognised in Belgium, visit Europa or ENIC-NARIC - gateway to recognition of qualifications.

The average working week in Belgium is 38 hours, typically eight hours per day. Employees enjoy generous paid annual leave, with the number of days calculated based on the previous year's work. This allows for more extended breaks each year. 

While Belgium offers favourable work conditions, the cost of living is relatively high, though still lower than the UK. Additionally, Belgium has one of Europe's highest income tax rates, leading to reduced take-home pay for employees. 

There are ten public holidays in Belgium including: 

• New Year's Day 
• Easter Monday 
• Labour Day 
• Ascension Day 
• Whit Monday 
• Belgium Day 
• Assumption Day 
• All Saints Day 
• Armistice Day 
• Christmas Day. 

Traditionally, Belgian management culture has leaned towards a French-style, top-down approach. However, a shift is underway towards a more open and democratic workplace, similar to the Dutch model. This trend emphasises increased delegation and employee involvement in decision-making.

• Discover what it's like to study in Belgium.

Known for its colourful culture, which is influenced by its Portuguese, African, and indigenous heritage, the country is also famous for its samba music, the Brazilian Carnaval festival in Rio de Janeiro, and football.

The job market can be challenging for international workers. Visa applications can be lengthy, and there is a national preference for Brazilian citizens over foreign workers. You will also need a high level of proficiency in Portuguese, the country's official language, to be considered for a role and to get by in your day-to-day life.

However, with the right set of skills and motivation, there are plenty of job opportunities available, particularly in the metropolitan areas of São Paulo, Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, and the capital city, Brasília.

Brazil is a major economic power with strong agricultural, industrial, and financial sectors. The country is a member of the G20, a group of the world's largest economies, and is the world's largest producer of beef cattle, tropical fruits, and sugar cane, and a world-leading coffee producer. Brazil also has a financially powerful banking industry with a strong national currency (the Brazilian Real) and is one of the world's leading producers of hydroelectric power.

However, finding a job in Brazil can be difficult for international workers. Most companies follow the 'principle of proportionality', which requires two-thirds of all vacancies to be filled by Brazilian citizens. This can make it challenging for international workers to compete for jobs, even if they have the necessary skills and experience.

Despite these challenges, there are still opportunities for international workers in Brazil. Some of the most in-demand jobs include:

Roles that graduates may be able to fill include:

• Engineering - There is a high demand for engineers in a variety of fields, including civil engineering, mechanical engineering, and electrical engineering.
• Information technology - Brazil's technology sector is growing rapidly. There is a need for workers in IT fields such as software development, web development, and data science.
• Healthcare - Doctors, nurses, and other healthcare professionals are highly sought-after.
• Education - Teachers at all levels are highly desired.
• Science and research - Brazil is a leader in scientific research, and there is a demand for graduates in science and research fields such as biology, chemistry, and physics.

• Software engineer
• Data scientist
• Web developer
• Business analyst
• Financial analyst
• Marketing analyst.

Finding temporary or part-time positions can be challenging, as employers often prefer to hire Brazilian citizens. If you are hoping to secure a full-time role, you should start your search from home. You should also consider sending out speculative applications to employers, including your CV and a cover letter.

The best job sites for work in Brazil are:

• Careerjet.com.br
• Catho.com.br
• Indeed - Jobs in Brazil
• BuscoJobs
• Vagas.

Brazil is a popular tourist destination, and the country's tourism industry is always in need of English speakers. If you have experience working as a hotel employee, bartender, or tour guide, you may be able to find work in this sector.

If you have knowledge of working with children, you may consider working as an au pair for a Brazilian family. This can be a great way to experience Brazilian culture and earn some money at the same time.

Teaching English is one of the easiest ways for foreign applicants to find a job in Brazil's competitive job market. The highest demand for teachers is in the major cities of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.

Your earnings will vary depending on your location, the type of institution you work for (e.g., school, university, or private tuition), and your qualifications and experience. You'll be able to charge a higher rate if you teach a niche subject, such as medical or legal English.

To teach in Brazil, you must have:

• two years of teaching experience at the appropriate level
• a Bachelors degree in a relevant area of focus
• a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) certificate, if you're teaching in a private school.

Search for teaching opportunities in Brazil via:

• Cultura Inglesa
• ESL Employment
• Go Overseas - Teach English in Brazil
• International TEFL Academy - Teach English in Brazil
• The TEFL Org - Teach English in Brazil.

Brazil's major cities, such as São Paulo, offer plenty of internship opportunities for international students. Many of these internships are in the fields of marketing, business, and web development.

Fortunately, many online resources for finding internships in Brazil are written in English.

You can search for opportunities at:

• AIESEC.org
• Glassdoor - Summer intern jobs in Brazil
• GoAbroad.com - Internships in Brazil
• GoOverseas - Internships in Brazil
• Intern Brazil.

To work in Brazil, you will need a work visa and a residence permit. Your future employer will apply for a work visa on your behalf. To do this, they will need to submit the following documents to the Brazilian Ministry of Labor and Employment:

• a copy of your employment contract
• your CV
• required work documents
• a certified copy of your passport.

Once the work visa is approved, you can apply for a temporary work visa in your home country through the Brazilian embassy or consulate. It is important to secure employment before moving to Brazil, as you cannot obtain a work visa without a job offer.

A temporary work visa expires after two years but can be renewed for an additional two years. After that, your company can apply for a permanent visa for you if you intend to stay in Brazil for the long term. While you are holding a temporary work visa, you cannot change employers without permission.

Within 30 days of your arrival in Brazil, you will need to collect various documents from the federal police, including a foreigner ID card and a Brazilian taxpayer ID. You will need the Brazilian taxpayer ID to open a bank account.

It is important to apply for your visa as early as possible, as the application process can take two to three months.

For more information, see the Embassy of Brazil in London.

Portuguese is the official language of Brazil, and it is essential to have a good level of proficiency in Portuguese to secure employment in the country. While you do not need certification from an official language course to work in Brazil, it is highly recommended that you learn as much Portuguese as possible before moving to the country.

There are several ways to learn Portuguese. You can take classes at a local language school or online. You can also use online resources such as BBC Languages - Portuguese or Duolingo - Learn Portuguese to brush up on your skills.

If you can find work through an international organisation, they may offer help with Portuguese as part of your employee package. This can be a great way to learn the language and to get your foot in the door of the Brazilian job market.

The higher education system in Brazil aligns with the Bologna system used in the UK, but there is no formal connection between the two systems. Therefore, it is important to clarify your qualifications when applying for jobs in Brazil. You can do this by providing a detailed transcript of your studies and by explaining how your qualifications are equivalent to Brazilian qualifications.

The working day in Brazil typically runs from 8am-6pm, Monday to Friday. Employees average 40 hours per week and by law, they must not exceed 44 hours.

Workers are entitled to 30 days' holiday after being in their job for a year, either taken all at once or split into parts. There are also between 9 and 12 national holidays per year depending on which state you live in.

Healthcare is provided for free by the government through the SUS (Unified Health System), and public health programmes are in place to make medication more affordable.

• Discover what it's like to study in Brazil.
• Explore volunteer projects in South America.

The fact that English is the main language (with French being spoken predominantly in Quebec province) is another huge draw for expatriates. Popular Canadian destinations for those seeking work in Canada include Ottawa, Vancouver, Edmonton, Oakville and St Albert.

Combine this with the friendly inclusive nature of its inhabitants and Canada becomes even more appealing.

Major industries include:

• chemicals
• food products
• natural gas
• petroleum
• transportation equipment
• wood and paper products.

Cryptocurrency, ecommerce, primary healthcare, tourism and information technology are all growth industries in the country.

Some of the biggest organisations in Canada include:

• Brookfield Asset Management (finance)
• Royal Bank of Canada (banking)
• Enbridge (oil and gas)
• Manulife (insurance)         
• George Weston Ltd (food and drink)
• Magna International (automotive)
• Alimentation Couche-Tard (food and drink).

• accountant
• electrical engineer
• HR manager
• merchandiser
• registered nurse

Canada has a number of in-demand occupations in areas such as:

• Business - senior managers human resources managers, purchasing managers, financial analysts, advertising and marketing managers.
• Construction - electrician, construction workers, welders.
• Engineering - civil and environmental engineers
• Information technology - software developers and programmers and data analysts and scientists.
• Healthcare - doctors, nurses, pharmacists and lab technicians.

Employers consider Canadian natives before foreign workers, but job opportunities are available to all and in most cases posted online. You can start your job search at:

• CanadaJobs.com
• eluta.ca
• Job Bank

Networking often proves useful so make use of any connections you have in the country, be that family, friends or work colleagues.

You'll apply for jobs in a similar way as you would in the UK - with an initial application, either an online form or résumé. If successful, this often leads to an interview. As mentioned, Canadian employers will require a résumé rather than the UK standard CV and cover letter. A résumé is designed to be more concise and tailored to each job application. A writing guide, along with downloadable examples, can be found at Settlement.org.

The majority of summer jobs in Canada are in summer camps or hospitality and you can find opportunities at:

• BUNAC Work in Canada
• Camp Canada
• Summerjobs.ca

You'll need an International Experience Canada (IEC) working holiday visa to carry out summer work in the country.

Other forms of casual work include working at a vineyard or maple syrup farm or as part of the tourism industry at ski resorts for example.

If your budget allows you could also consider volunteer projects/placements in the country. This is a great way to add experience to your CV. See:

• Go Overseas
• Go Abroad

If you hold a Bachelors degree, are fluent in English and have hands-on teaching experience, becoming an English tutor may be the job for you.

With English being one of Canada's official languages, demand is relatively low for international English teachers. Canadian citizens are at a greater advantage for filling teaching positions, however there are a number of opportunities in Canada's larger cities, such as Toronto and Vancouver, for Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL).Be warned, though, competition to secure one of these posts is tough.

To find out more:

• i-to-i
• tefl.org
• tesl.ca

An internship is the perfect way for you to immerse yourself in Canadian culture, enhancing your skills and proving yourself to future employers in an exciting environment. In order to complete an internship in Canada, you'll need to secure the correct work permit or visa (see Canadian visas for more information).

If you're looking for an internship in Canada, here are some good places to start:

• BUNAC Vancouver Internship can last up to six months and is aimed at English-proficient students and graduates.
• Go Overseas offer a variety of different internships in the country.

Most people need either a visa or an Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) to travel to Canada. To find out which applies to you visit Government Canada where you can answer a couple of questions to assess your eligibility.

Anyone travelling into Canada must do so with the correct travel documents, and must be able to prove that they are:

• financially capable of supporting their trip
• a law-abiding citizen
• medically fit.

You will usually need either an open or employer-specific permit to work in Canada and you can find out which one best suits your needs at Government Canada - Types of work permits. If you're planning to be in Canada for more than a few years, you might consider applying for permanent residency. The rules and regulations surrounding residency are subject to change so check with Immigration and Citizenship ensure you have the latest information.

Canada is officially a bilingual country. It is home to both English and French speakers. Fluency in English will be enough to navigate around the vast majority of Canadian cities and provinces. Quebec is the only officially French-speaking province, although you'll likely be exposed to both languages wherever you're based.

If English isn't your first language, you'll need to prove your proficiency via an accredited online test. The Government of Canada approves two English tests:

• IELTS - International English Language Testing System
• CELPIP - Canadian English Language Proficiency Index Program

As the Canadian higher education system closely resembles the structure of the UK system, many employers will have no trouble understanding your qualifications.

If your job is regulated, you will need to have your credentials assessed. Regulatory bodies vary between provinces and territories. If your job isn't regulated, the eligibility of your qualifications is usually down to the discretion of your employer.

For more information visit the Government of Canada credential assessment or the Canadian Information Centre for International Credentials (CICIC).

On average you'll be expected to work 40 hours a week, Monday to Friday, although this will depend on the company and the role.

Workers are entitled to a minimum of two weeks' annual leave after one year of paid work; this increases to three after five years' service.

There are five public holidays in Canada (New Years Day, Good Friday, Canada Day, Labour Day and Christmas Day), with an additional six holidays for federal employees. Different provinces and territories also have their own unique holidays.

The average Canadian salary is CAD$50,000 (£29,481) to $60,000 (£35,377) a year and the minimum wage in any profession is set by each individual province. Generally, the cost of living in Canada is lower than that of the UK and USA, While Toronto and Vancouver are considered to be expensive places to live other areas such as Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton and Montreal are less so.

To learn more about the Canadian tax system see Government of Canada - Canadian income tax rates for individuals.

• Discover what it's like to study in Canada.

The expansion of China's economy over the last few decades has been remarkable, taking it up to the world's second largest - just behind the USA. While the rate of economic growth has slowed down somewhat, job prospects are still generally good, although competition for the top graduate roles is fierce.

While the country has a population of over 1.4 billion (Worldometer 2024), its people enjoy a relatively low cost of living compared to the UK - although this does depend on location. Major cities such as Shanghai and the capital Beijing are unsurprisingly more expensive.

The opportunity to experience a completely different culture is a huge attraction to those from overseas considering working in China. To make life a little easier, you may wish to consider taking classes in Mandarin - not only does a second language look great on your CV, it could also boost your chances of success when looking for work.

During your free time, you'll be able to explore five thousand years of history and culture. The Great Wall of China, the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace are all in Beijing, while the Terracotta Army in Xi'an is worth a visit. You also won't want to miss the Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong, The Bund in Shanghai and the historic ruins of St. Paul's in Macau.

When looking for English-speaking jobs, these will mostly be located in the largest cities such Beijing and Shanghai, the business and industrial hubs of the country. Many multinational companies have their Asian headquarters in one of these east coast locations - as well as in Hong Kong, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Tianjin.

The majority of expatriate workers in China find jobs with foreign-invested enterprises. While opportunities do exist with Chinese companies, these usually require some knowledge of Mandarin.

Major industries in China by revenue include:

• construction
• consumer products
• mining
• oil and petroleum
• real estate development
• technology
• transport.

You can search for jobs in China at:

• AsiaXpat Hong Kong
• Chinajob.com
• eChinacities.com
• Expat.com - Jobs in China
• HiredChina.com
• Reed - Jobs in China
• The Guardian Jobs - China
• Xpat Jobs China

• Accounting and finance
• Engineering
• Hospitality
• Teaching
• Technology

As you'll need to have a visa before arriving in China, receiving a job offer is essential. Be aware that the nature of the work will affect the type of visa you need to apply for.

One of the easiest ways for international candidates to secure a job before making the move is through a secondment from an international company in their home country.

While living in China, networking is extremely important. Personal contacts are heavily relied upon during the job hunt, especially as not all vacancies are formally advertised. Therefore, having some knowledge of Mandarin can go a long way.

Applications usually consist of a CV and a short cover letter. If you can speak Mandarin and are applying to a Chinese company, it's a good idea to write your application in the language to demonstrate your knowledge.

If your application is successful, you may be subjected to a series of interviews before discovering whether you've got the job.

The most common type of seasonal work for foreigners is to teach English at summer camps and schools. Jobs of this nature are more likely to be found in the larger towns and cities.

If you have previous childcare experience, it may be possible for you find work as an au pair.

By engaging in a formal voluntary programme, this can help to build your skillset while providing valuable work and life experience. It helps to have some money saved before embarking on a voluntary project, as these positions are typically unpaid. Volunteering also gives you the chance to network and build up contacts.

To volunteer in China, you should first research what you would like to do and apply to the organisation directly.

Relevant organisations that offer volunteering opportunities include:

• Adventure China - work with children for eight weeks during the summer in one of the country's most scenic locations.
• Go Overseas - Volunteer in China - provides opportunities to volunteer in panda and Asian elephant conservation, as well as teaching positions.
• International Volunteer HQ - China - projects based around the Chinese city of Xi'an involve teaching English to young students or working in a team providing assistance to children, teenagers and adults with special needs.

English teaching jobs are one of the main sources of employment for international workers in China. They are a popular way for foreign workers to live and work in the country while earning a good salary, especially with such a low cost of living in comparison to Western countries.

See English First (EF) - Cost of living in China for more information on how far your wages can go.

As the demand for English language skills increases, so do the number of vacancies. You'll be able to secure work in high schools, universities and private schools.

Some vacancies may require a degree, but you'll certainly need to be a native English speaker or have a teaching English as a foreign language certificate such as TEFL or IELTS.

You can look for teaching vacancies at:

• Teach Away - China
• Teach English in China
• The TEFL Org - Teach English in China

It may also be possible to teach in China as part of the British Council's English Language Assistants Programme.

The Fewer Things

Break up the 9 to 5 and experience a truly unique adventure. Work and travel in China on a ten month teaching placement. You'll gain valuable work experience along with the opportunity to explore Asia.

TravelGrad

Through its China Teaching Experience programme, TravelGrad provides graduates of all subjects with the opportunity to live and teach English in China for ten months. Full training is provided in the form of a free TEFL course.

Internships are a great way for you to experience the Chinese working culture and make valuable contacts before entering full-time, paid employment. Internships and summer work placements for students can be arranged by:

• AIESEC UK - for students and recent graduates. Internships will last from three to 18 months.
• CRCC Asia - offers internship programmes across 18 career fields, including engineering, IT and marketing.
• IAESTE UK - for science, engineering, technology and applied arts students. Placements usually last between eight and 12 weeks.
• The Intern Group - a leading international internship provider with programmes in Hong Kong and Shanghai.
• Pagoda Projects - partnering with universities across the globe, they offer internship programmes in a number of countries, including China. You can choose to work in a variety of sectors, such as business, design, engineering, hospitality, IT, law, marketing, media, sales or science.

The British Council also runs a two-month online internship programme entitled Generation UK - China for full-time UK university students and recent graduates to gain work experience with a Chinese company.

ImmerQi China Internship Programme

The programme places current students and recent graduates from around the world in professional corporate and hospitality internships in three major Chinese cities: Beijing, Chengdu and Shanghai.

Placement Year International

Offers paid business and hospitality internships for students and recent graduates.

If you're a British citizen, you must obtain a visa before travelling to work in China. You don't need a visa to work in Hong Kong or Macau.

The type of visa you'll require depends on the length and purpose of your stay. To work in China, you'll need a Z visa and an official invitation to the country by an employer. You can apply for a Z visa at your local Chinese embassy or by visiting the Chinese Visa Application Service Centre. For stays of any length, you must register with the local Public Security Bureau (PSB) within 24 hours of arrival.

If you plan to stay in the country for more than six months, you'll also need a residence permit. To acquire a work visa or residence permit, you may need to prove that you haven't got a criminal record.

It's illegal to work if you're in China on a study visa (F visa) or tourist visa (L visa), so if you find employment during this time, you'll need to change visa type.

For more information on applying for visas and the different requirements, see the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United Kingdom.

Many international companies advertise English-speaking jobs in China. In larger cities such as Beijing and Shanghai, you should be able to get by if you don't speak the local language.

However, bear in mind that English fluency rates do vary considerably in China and usually depend on age and location. As a general rule, older generations and people living in rural areas will rarely speak English, whereas the younger generation and those residing in cosmopolitan cities usually have a more solid grasp of the language.

In Chinese companies and in more rural areas, Mandarin is the main language of business. To work for a Chinese company, you'll need to demonstrate fluency in Mandarin to get by, as without it you're unlikely to get the job.

Being able to speak Mandarin will be an advantage wherever you work, so it's worth learning the basics while at home. Free online language courses are offered by the likes of Duolingo and L-Lingo.

If you're struggling to get to grips with what can appear to be a complicated language, you can always take lessons upon arrival in China.

Those who can speak Mandarin, have a good knowledge of the country, and can display an interest in Chinese culture, are better placed when it comes to finding jobs.

UK qualifications are widely recognised throughout the world, including China, but it's still advisable to check with employers before applying for jobs.

For more information on the recognition of qualifications in this country, see ENIC-NARIC - China.

China has a five-day working week - typically Monday to Friday. According to Chinese labour law, employees must not work more than 40 hours a week (eight hours per day). In reality, you'll find that it's quite common to do overtime, and many local companies rarely compensate for this.

Holiday entitlement in the country is relatively low and usually depends on the length of employment. Workers are entitled to either five, 10 or 15 days of paid holiday leave depending on how many years they've worked in total (not just for their current employer). There are also seven official public holidays.

Before taking up a position in China, make sure your holiday entitlement is clearly stated in your contract.

• Discover what it's like to study in China.

Of its 1,260,138 population, over 450,000 are part of the labour force in Cyprus. The tourism industry accounts for the largest part of the country's GDP and international workers can usually find opportunities in this sector. Other major industries include:

• food and beverage processing
• real estate
• the service sector
• shipping
• textiles.

The country's exploitation of natural gas supplies, plus its interest in renewable energy and green technology, is predicted to lead to major foreign investment.

Finding work can be difficult for foreigners as you'll compete against locals for jobs. However, there are a number of ways to boost your chances of employment.

For example, while the main business language is English, the majority of employers demand some knowledge of Greek, and Turkish in northern areas. Those with degrees in electrical engineering, finance, teaching, medicine, and IT are also in high demand.

You can find jobs in Cyprus at:

• Cyprus Chamber of Commerce and Industry
• Cyprus jobs
• Euro jobs

• Accountants
• Dentists
• Engineers
• Nurses and midwives
• Software developers.

You can apply for jobs before you arrive but networking is often one of the best ways of getting a role. Making use of personal contacts and discovering vacancies through word-of-mouth is the easiest way for foreigners to find work. You can also make connections before you arrive using online networking platforms.

If you don't have many contacts on arrival, your first port of call should be the Public Employment Office, located in all major towns and cities.

Some Cypriot companies accept CVs year-round so they can recruit as and when, meaning that speculative applications also work well.

Application methods are similar to those in the UK, with organisations typically asking for a CV and cover letter or a completed application form. If successful, this will lead on to the interview stage. Most jobs can be applied for online.

Due to the country's large tourism sector, seasonal and casual jobs are relatively easy to find. Those seeking summer work can find opportunities in hotels, bars, cafes and restaurants.

Ayia Napa's famous nightlife attracts thousands of international workers every year, meaning many bar, club and PR jobs are available throughout the summer. You can expect to work four to five days a week during the low season, but six to seven days during the high season.

Casual opportunities also include fruit picking and kitchen work.

You can find volunteering opportunities in various regions of Cyprus year-round, especially in Paphos, Larnaca, Limassol, Famagusta, and Nicosia. Work camps and youth exchange programmes also often involve volunteering.

Many opportunities are environmental or conservational, with animal sanctuaries and marine projects proving popular.

Be sure to check safety advice before you travel. For the most up-to-date guidance, see GOV.UK- Travel advice Cyprus.

Teaching English as a foreign language is possible in Cyprus, although competition for posts is fierce and the number of jobs limited.

Jobs in private international schools are open to those with at least two years' teaching experience and offer competitive salaries. You will usually also require a Bachelors degree, plus a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) qualification.

Most openings are found in Paphos, Larnaca, Limassol, Famagusta and Nicosia. Working hours are typically 20 to 30 hours per week, with salaries and benefits dependent on your qualifications. Many private institutions offer benefits to teachers such as shipping or moving allowances.

You can browse teaching opportunities in Cyprus at:

• Go Abroad
• Go Overseas - Teach English in Cyprus
• Teach Away - Teach in Cyprus
• TEFL Cyprus

There is no national legislation on student placements; instead, internships and work experience is organised by universities, professional bodies and other stakeholders. Options include:

• Work and Travel Cyprus - This is designed for young EU citizens seeking international work experience. It offers placements in coastal hotels and restaurants for a minimum of three months. Most positions include accommodation and meals.
• United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Cyprus - Students gain an understanding of UNDP's policies and priorities through the United Nations' Action for Cooperation and Trust (UNDP-ACT) and Partnership for the Future (UNDP-PFF) programmes. It's aimed at students in conflict resolution, economics, international relations, sociology, public or business administration, and environmental studies.

Organisations such as Deloitte, EY, KPMG and PwC also run summer internship programmes in Cyprus.

If you're a UK national, you'll need a visa to work in Cyprus.

One-year long-stay visas are usually suited to non-EU citizens seeking employment. They must be backed up by letters from your employer - or from an accountant or solicitor, if you happen to be self-employed.

Contact the Cypriot embassy in your country of origin for more information on work visas for non-EU nationals. The GOV.UK - Travel to Cyprus for work page may be helpful, while you can also visit the Civil Registry and Migration Department.

EU citizens don't need a visa to enter or work in Cyprus, but those staying for more than three months will need to apply for a registration certificate.

To gain a certificate you'll need to prove that you have secured employment and have the financial means to support yourself. You'll also need to apply for an Alien Registration Card (ARC) and a social security number. Apply for these immediately upon arrival.

English is widely spoken throughout Cyprus, but many jobs require you to speak Greek, and some employers in the Northern areas may require Turkish fluency.

You could take a course in Greek while in your home country or be prepared to learn once in Cyprus. Language lessons are provided by the Ministry of Education and Culture, universities and private language schools.

Employers usually understand UK qualifications as the Cypriot education system has many similarities, but you will need to clarify that this is the case before submitting your application. Degree classifications in particular may vary.

You, or your employer, can find out more at ENIC-NARIC or Europa - Qualifications for Employment.

Average wages in the country are quite low, but so is the cost of living. Living expenses are lower away from tourist areas, but there is no national minimum wage.

The working week runs from Monday to Friday, and hours generally amount to 40 per week.

Depending on where you work and your length of service, you're entitled to between 20 and 24 days paid holiday leave per year. This applies to foreign and Cypriot workers. The country has a number of public holidays including Greek Independence Day (25 March), Labour Day (1 May) and Cypriot Independence Day (1 Oct).

• Discover what it's like to study in Cyprus.

While English is widely spoken in business, don't miss an opportunity to learn Danish. Many language courses are available, and knowing the local language can help you make friends and adjust to the culture.

You'll have ample time to explore Denmark's tourist attractions, such as Tivoli Gardens, the original LEGOLAND, the world's oldest fairground, and many others, thanks to generous holiday entitlements.

The Danish labour market is mainly composed of the services sector, followed by the industry sector, and the unemployment rate is impressively low at only 2.5%. Denmark's strategic location makes it an essential transportation hub for Europe. The country's primary exports include pharmaceuticals and medical equipment, iron and steel, food products, textiles and clothing, and electronics.

Denmark is known for its 'flexicurity' system, which allows employers to hire and fire on-demand, based on market needs. However, employees are secured by the A-kasse (unemployment insurance fund).

Workers also enjoy excellent working conditions, thanks to a solid collaboration between the unions, employers, and the government. Additionally, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) dominate the market, so you will feel valued in your role, regardless of where you work in the southernmost Nordic country.

World-famous brands such as Pandora, Carlsberg, Ecco, and LEGO all have their origins in Denmark.  

• IT consultant
• Mechanical engineer
• Primary and secondary school teachers
• Psychologist
• Radiographer

You can search for jobs in Denmark at:

• Jobindex
• JobsInCopenhagen
• The Local

The Danish government maintains a 'Positive List' of occupations that are currently in shortage. If you possess the necessary qualifications to fill any of the roles on this list, you should find it easier to secure a job in Denmark.

Currently, the Danish workforce is experiencing a shortage of skilled workers in fields like:

• finance
• IT
• law
• medicine and healthcare
• management
• science and engineering
• teaching

Professions added to the list for people with a higher education degree in 2024 include:

• military officers
• heads of logistics management
• heads of products management
• biologists
• mechanical engineers
• environmental engineers
• business intelligence managers
• specialist consultants
• marketing professionals
• information technology programmers
• system developers
• web developers
• system administrators
• legal counsel
• communication consultants

For the full list see New to Denmark - The Positives Lists.

As an international worker in Denmark, it can be difficult to secure employment as local applicants are often prioritised. However, there are several steps you can take to improve your chances of success.

Firstly, it's important to research the company you're applying to and tailor your CV and cover letter to suit the organisation. Demonstrating a keen interest in the specific company and relevant work experience will help you to stand out.

It may also be beneficial to explore areas that you hadn't previously considered or be willing to commute. Applying to sectors that are experiencing skills shortages can also increase your chances of securing work.

It's important to note that social media tools, particularly LinkedIn, are widely used in Denmark. Building connections and showcasing your relevant skills and experience on these platforms can increase your chances of finding employment. A polished online presence can make a significant difference in your job search.

If you're interested in finding work in Copenhagen or other cities, you could consider applying directly to hotels and clubs for seasonal work. Keep in mind that there is no official application process for these types of roles.

Another option is to work as an au pair during the summer months. In exchange for providing childcare and completing household tasks, you'll receive a weekly allowance, medical insurance coverage, and rent-free accommodation. To learn more about applying for an au pair residence permit, visit New to Denmark - Au pair.

If you're able to financially support yourself, you could also participate in voluntary work opportunities. Concordia is a programme that provides volunteering placements for British citizens in a variety of areas, including festivals, environmental work, renovation projects, and working with elderly and disabled members of the community.

You can also find voluntary and paid placements through:

• AIESEC UK - for students and recent graduates.
• IAESTE UK - for science, engineering and applied arts students.
• Volunteering.dk - one of the largest portals for volunteer jobs in Denmark.

The public education system in Denmark is highly regulated. If you want to become a teacher, you must first ensure that your qualifications are recognised and approved by the Ministry of Higher Education and Science. In some cases, you may need to undergo additional training to be eligible to teach in a Danish school.

Danes usually learn English from a young age, which means there aren't many opportunities to teach English as a foreign language (TEFL). However, you might be able to find a position teaching business English at adult learning colleges or private language schools. Popular locations for TEFL jobs in Denmark include:

• Aalborg
• Aarhus
• Copenhagen
• Fredericia
• Odense.

Usually, you will need a degree and a TEFL qualification to secure a job, and some positions may also require you to speak Danish.

The majority of Danish internships are based in Copenhagen, home to many large companies. You can search for paid internships in Denmark at:

• GoAbroad
• iAgora

If you are a non-EU citizen who requires a visa to enter Denmark, it is possible to obtain a residence and work permit in order to take up an internship of up to 18 months, subject to certain conditions and depending on the job sector you are interested in. Learn more at New to Denmark - Internship.

If you are a citizen of the UK, European Economic Area (EEA), Switzerland or any other non-EU country and are planning to live and work in Denmark, you will need to apply for the appropriate residency permit through New to Denmark - You want to apply. As part of your application, you will need to provide a written contract of employment or evidence of your job offer, which should include details such as your salary and employment conditions.

If you are an EU, EEA, or Swiss citizen, you do not need a residence or work permit to enter Denmark and look for work. However, if you plan to stay in Denmark for more than three months, you must apply for a registration certificate upon arrival.

This certificate will allow you to receive a civil registration number (CPR), health insurance card, and tax number, which are all required to access public services and receive payment. If you are from one of the Nordic countries, including Norway, Finland, Iceland, or Sweden, you can live and work in Denmark without this certificate, but you must still register for a CPR, health insurance card, and tax number.

Danish is the official language of Denmark, but it's not the only language you'll hear. The majority of Danes speak English as a second language, and many also have a basic understanding of German, French, and Swedish.

When applying for jobs, it's best to do so in either Danish or English, but it's always a good idea to double-check with the hiring organisation for any specific language requirements.

Although you can enter the workforce without fluent Danish, learning the language is essential for integrating with the locals, immersing yourself in Danish culture, and getting the most out of your work experience in Denmark. By doing so, you'll also be showing your dedication to your employer.

There are plenty of ways to learn Danish - you could learn the language online, via classes in your home country or once you've arrived in the country.

The Bologna Process, a framework for comparable qualifications across Europe, means that your UK qualifications should meet Danish standards. If you face any issues with the recognition of your qualifications, you can have them assessed by the Danish Agency for Higher Education to make them easier for employers to understand.

Some professions are regulated, so you may need authorisation from a public authority to confirm your qualifications.

In Denmark, the standard working week is 37 hours, from Monday to Friday. Most employers offer flexible working arrangements to cater to employees' needs. Employees are entitled to five weeks of annual leave, and the country observes 11 public holidays, including:

• New Year's Day
• Maundy Thursday
• Good Friday
• Easter Sunday
• Easter Monday
• Prayer Day
• Ascension Day
• Whit Sunday
• Whit Monday
• Christmas Day
• Second day of Christmas (26 December).

Workplaces in Denmark typically have a flat hierarchy, meaning that all employees are encouraged to contribute ideas and participate in decision-making. It is normal to discuss any issues with your CEO.

Denmark does not have a statutory minimum wage, and salaries are determined through negotiations between individuals and their employers. The country's tax system is progressive, with higher salaries incurring higher rates of tax. This system funds free public services such as healthcare and education.

Living costs, including accommodation, food, and public transport, are generally high in Denmark, reflecting the country's higher salaries and tax rates. If you are planning to move to Denmark, consider this factor when conducting research and budgeting.

For more information about the cost of living in Denmark, see livingcost.org.

• Discover what it's like to study in Denmark.
• Learn more about Life in Denmark.

Popular destinations for expatriates in Finland include cities such as:

• Helsinki (capital)
• Tampere
• Turku.

Workers in the country typically work an eight-hour day - an average of 35 to 40 hours a week. The Finnish love of coffee will help to get you through - it's estimated that each Finn consumes 12 kilograms of coffee per year - which equates to four to eight cups per day.

In your free time you'll get to explore all that Finland has to offer. Those who love being out in nature will particularly enjoy the green forests (taking up 74% of the country), beautiful landscapes and lakes (all 187,888 of them). Not to mention the Midnight Sun, a permanent sunrise throughout June and July.

Finland's job market has traditionally been dominated by manufacturing, with its main exports including machinery, paper and wood products, electrical equipment, optical equipment, ships and vehicles.

However, the Finnish technology industry is growing and has fast become the country's biggest sector. In fact, Finland is regarded as a major European tech hub. Led by Nokia, which was a huge player in the early days of mobile phones and now focuses on network equipment, software and services, technology represents over half of Finnish exports.

If you're thinking of starting your own business the self-employment sector and start-up organisation are seeing growth, providing opportunities for English speaking professionals.

Metropolitan regions such as Espoo, Helsinki and Vantaa are the biggest employment hubs but other big cities include:

• Lappeenranta
• Oulu
• Tampere
• Turku
• Vaasa.

• Chemicals
• Electronics
• Machinery and scientific instruments
• Technology
• Textiles

Start your job hunt by visiting Work in Finland and the European Job Mobility Portal (EURES).

You can also search for jobs on the following sites:

• Jobs in Helsinki
• Oikotie
• Reed - Jobs in Finland
• Rekrytointi

When it comes to addressing labour shortages and filing the skills gap in Finland international workers are playing a major part.

There are plenty of opportunities for foreign professionals, especially if you speak English or are skilled in technology. Talent in the IT field is incredibly sought after but it isn’t the only area where jobs are in demand. Workers are also needed in:

• bioeconomy
• construction
• cybersecurity
• electronics
• healthcare
• healthcare technology
• manufacturing
• renewable technology.

Visit Wage Centre - Shortage occupations in Finland for a full list of shortage occupations in Finland.

If you're a member of the European Union (EU) or the European Economic Area (EEA) you can move to Finland and look for work without the need of a residence permit.

However if you're from a country that is not a member of the EU/EEA (including the UK) then you'll need a residence permit to work in Finland. You can only apply for one of these when you have a job so you’ll have to start your job search from your home country.

There are plenty of ways to do this:

• Start your search online. Finland's employment advisory service for international workers, TE-palvelut, provides an online service. Use the filtered search to display English-speaking opportunities. Alternatively, use recruitment sites, such as Jobly and Eurojobs, to see what's on offer.
• Social media is a big part of recruitment in Finland. Follow Finnish companies and make industry connections through sites such as LinkedIn. Discover how to utilise social media platforms in your job hunt.
• A lot of jobs aren't publicly advertised. Sending speculative applications to companies you'd like to work for is a great way to make a good first impression and demonstrate your enthusiasm and commitment to finding work.

It's important that your CV and cover letter are written to Finnish standards:

• Your CV should be a maximum of two pages in length, easy to read and visually effective - list your relevant employment and experience in reverse chronological order, and don't waffle or exaggerate.
• Your cover letter should be a maximum of one page and tailored to the specific employer - you won't get away with sending out multiple copies to a number of companies.

Expat-Finland provides CV and cover letter advice to give you an idea of what to aim for.

For more information on how to go self-employed or become a partner of a business, visit Expat Finland - Establishing a business in Finland.

Finland has a thriving tourism industry so short-term, seasonal jobs are available year-round, with the majority usually on offer in the summer months.

You'll find jobs in the service sector in bars, restaurants, hotels, shops and resorts. Large seasonal employers include those in archipelago holiday destinations in the summer and Lapland in the winter.

Seasonal workers are also needed:

• in catering
• to run/manage sport activities
• in tourist advice centres.

In the warmer months berry picking work is also available.

Alternatively, you could complete a volunteering placement to develop your skills, improve your Finnish and embrace the country's culture.

The Finnish branch of Service Civil International (SCI), Kansainvälinen vapaaehtoistyöry (KVT) organises short-term volunteer work camps. Typically lasting two weeks (although some projects run for 12 months), their aim is to support local initiatives while promoting equality, social acceptance and respect for the environment. You'll need to pay co-ordinance fees, and sort your own visa (where appropriate).

There are plenty of opportunities to teach English as a second language in Finland. It's a less popular teaching destination, so there are more job openings in urban areas, such as Tampere, Turku and the capital Helsinki.

You'll most likely find opportunities in private and international schools, and you won't need to be fluent in Finnish or Swedish to teach English - creating a strictly English-speaking classroom environment is preferable.

The minimum entry requirements to teach English in Finland are a Bachelors degree and Teach English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) certificate. Individual schools may have their own requirements, so check before you apply. Explore the qualification further by reading our advice on teaching English abroad.

Finnish employers expect graduates to have relevant experience before they're hired. Internships and summer work placements may provide a gateway to employment.

What’s more completing an internship will also help you lean about Finnish working culture and could help you improve your language skills.

The best way to secure an internship is to email companies directly. While some job sites such as Jobs in Finland and Glassdoor advertise Finnish internships a lot of opportunities go unadvertised. 

Student placements can be arranged by:

• AIESEC UK - for students and recent graduates
• IAESTE UK - for science, engineering, technology and applied arts students.

If you're an EU/EEA citizen or a resident of Switzerland, Liechtenstein or a Nordic country, you won't need a visa to enter Finland. However, you'll need to apply for a residence permit if you're staying longer than three months, which you'll do through your local police station.

All workers from outside these countries, including the UK, need to obtain a residence permit to enter Finland before arriving, which can be applied for in the Finnish embassy or consulate in your country or online through EnterFinland.fi.

You'll need a self-employment permit if you're moving to Finland to start a business, which can be granted once you've submitted your business to the Finnish Trade Register.

Residence permit applications can take up to four months to be processed and approved, so apply as early as possible.

If you're planning to stay longer than a year, you'll also need to register with the Finnish Population Information System, which you'll do through your nearest Local Register office.

As well as the country's two official languages of Finnish and Swedish, there are also a number of minority languages, including Romani, Sami and Finnish Sign Language.

While a good grasp of Finnish will be beneficial, not only to succeed professionally, but to integrate in society it's not essential for all roles. The vast majority of Finnish people can also speak English. If your job was advertised in English, and this is the main business language of your organisation you'll likely get by. However, to fully participate in life in Finland learning Finnish is a good idea.

If learning the national language is a requirement of your role your line of work will determine the level of proficiency you'll need. For instance, you'll need an excellent understanding of Finnish to work in healthcare, business and other customer-facing roles.

Sites such as Venla.info and infoFinland.fi can help you improve your language skills for free, and Expat Finland - Finnish language training has information about language schools and courses.

As Finland is a member of the Bologna Process, ensuring direct comparability of qualifications across EU member states, you shouldn't have a problem explaining the qualifications you've gained in the UK to Finnish employers.

However, you may be required to have your qualifications officially recognised to work in some regulated professions, such as healthcare and education. Your employer can advise on whether this applies to you - if so, you'll need to visit the Finnish National Agency for Education.

As a foreign worker you'll have the same rights and responsibilities as a Finnish employee. You'll typically enjoy four to six weeks annual leave a year (the norm is five) in addition to 12 bank holidays.

The country currently leads the way in terms of flexible working with new laws (Working Hours Act) giving employees the opportunity to choose when and where they work for at least half of their contracted working hours.

You'll only pay tax if you're working in Finland for longer than six months, in which case you'll need to apply for a tax card at your local tax office. Visit Finland's tax administration website for more information.

• Discover what it's like to study in Finland.
• Visit GOV.UK - Living in Finland for the latest Finnish travel and visa advice.

The third largest country in Europe has a population of 67 million and those of a working age benefit from one of the highest minimum wages in Europe, 25 annual leave days a year, low cost commutes (many employers cover this cost or contribute to it) and can look forward to a relatively early retirement age of 62.

Major contributors to the French economy include:

• agriculture
• banking and insurance
• information technology
• energy
• food processing
• manufacturing
• transport.

The country is also renowned for its luxury goods, fashion and cosmetics industries.

Many large and multinational companies are based in France, including:

• Airbus
• AXA
• Chanel
• Citroën
• Danone
• L'Oréal
• LVMH
• Michelin
• Peugeot
• Renault
• Total
• Ubisoft.

Tourism is a vital part of the French economy, so you'll easily find seasonal jobs at campsites or ski resorts, while there are also opportunities to teach English as a foreign language.

• Aircraft
• Automobiles
• Electronics
• Food processing
• Textiles

Search for jobs in France at:

• France Travail (in French) - French national employment agency website
• Indeed France (in French)
• The Local France - English-language jobs in France
• Monster France (in French)
• Reed - Jobs in France

Despite having the third largest economy in Europe, unemployment is an issue in France. Currently 7.3% of the population are out of work.

If you're a foreign worker who can speak French and possess strong commercial, numeracy and technical skills, the chances of you finding a job in the country are good. This is due, in part, to a number of skills shortages in areas such as:

• construction
• engineering
• healthcare
• IT
• research and development
• science.

You apply for jobs in France by email, online application forms or by posting your CV and cover letter to the company. Be prepared to produce these in both English and French, even if you're applying for an English-speaking role, as many companies expect this.

A French CV should be no more than one side of A4 for a junior position. It should highlight your language proficiency, work experience (in reverse chronological order) and educational achievements. There should be no unexplained gaps in your education or work history.

Your cover letter should be succinct, drawing on your most relevant experience to explain why you're a suitable candidate for the position. Don't attach transcripts to your cover letter - French employers will ask to see these in person if your application is successful.

Beyond this first stage, the application process is rigorous. Companies can hold up to four interviews, and you should be clued up on the organisation, as well as French business jargon, before you arrive. The French value punctuality and smart business dress, so you should be prepared for a formal interview setting.

French employers also look favourably on speculative applications and networking, so if you're struggling to find advertised work, take a proactive approach and contact the companies you'd like to work for directly.

There are plenty of opportunities in the hospitality and tourism sector in the summer months. This is particularly the case within cities such as Paris, Montpellier and Nice, where jobs can be found in hotels, bars, cafés, and restaurants.

Another option is to work on a campsite through a travel company such as Canvas Holidays or Eurocamp, with these opportunities available nationwide.

Consider other seasonal employment, such as working as a grape picker in the thriving farming and wine industry, or temporary positions in Alps ski resorts during the busy winter months.

As a foreign worker, you'll be paid at least the French statutory minimum wage (SMIC), which is €11.65 (£10.02) per hour (Jan 2024).

Visit One World 365 and SeasonWorkers.com to search for seasonal jobs in France.

You can also find voluntary placements through:

• AIESEC UK
• European Voluntary Service (EVS)
• GoAbroad.com - Volunteer abroad

There's a high demand for English teachers in France, as the country looks to keep ties with the English-speaking jobs market.

To apply to the British Council English Language Assistants (ELA) programme you need to be a native English speaker, with a good standard of French (B1 - equivalent to A-level) and have completed two years of your degree. You don't need a TEFL qualification to participate in the scheme.

To find and secure other positions teaching English in France you'll likely need a TEFL qualification. Opportunities exist in private and state schools, language colleges, town halls, universities or within a company, teaching business English to employees.

TEFL Toulouse

Make a living teaching English in France, with our four-week TEFL course.

Completing an internship is a great way to experience life in another country while furthering your career. In France, an internship is known as a 'stage' and lasts for a maximum of six months, but it is also renewable for an additional six months.

You must be enrolled and studying at university to embark on an internship in France. By law, before the internship begins, you're required to sign a 'Convention de Stage', a three-way agreement between you, your university and the employer, which specifies your start and end dates, working hours and responsibilities during the internship.

Aim to apply for an internship as early as five months in advance, in the same way you would a job - by submitting a CV and cover letter electronically or by post. You can search for opportunities via:

• Go Overseas - Internships in France
• GoAbroad.com - Internships in France
• iAgora

If you're a European Union (EU) or European Economic Area (EEA) citizen, or a Swiss or Croatian national, you won't need a visa or permit to work in France. You're also no longer required to register as a resident once you arrive, as long as you possess a valid EU passport and are:

• employed
• self-employed
• a student
• a family member of an EU citizen
• unemployed, but with sufficient funds for your stay.

If you need to register your residence, you can do so at your local town hall in France.

Non-EU/EEA citizens, including those from the UK, will need a permit to work in France. Your employer looks after this procedure, so you'll need a confirmation of employment before the process can begin.

Once you've found a job, apply for a long stay visa through the French embassy or consulate in your home country - for UK citizens this would be the French Embassy in London.

You'll need to apply for a residence permit within three months of your arrival in France. This will then be valid for up to five years and must be renewed three months before it expires.

If you obtain a Masters degree in France, you'll get a non-renewable additional permit for one year while working at least 60% of the normal working week. If by that time you acquire a job with at least 50% more than the minimum wage then you may change your status from student to employee and work full time.

Even if you're working in a job where you're required to speak English, such as teaching English as a foreign language, you'll still need a good grasp of French to integrate with your community and get by while living in France.

The official French proficiency certificates, DELF and DALF, are awarded by the French Ministry of Education and you may be required to take them to prove your ability to a required standard. You can find out more about both tests at CIEP - DELF-DALF.

UK qualifications are directly comparable to those in France, so you shouldn't have a problem explaining them to your employers. You can find out more about how qualifications are recognised by visiting ENIC-NARIC.

A 35-hour working week is standard in France. In addition, you'll be entitled to time off in the form of 25 days' (five weeks) paid leave in a 12-month period, as well as 11 public holidays. In 2017, a 'right to disconnect' law was introduced that ensured a company larger than 50 employees was forbidden to send work emails/messages after working hours.

The workplace typically adopts a strong hierarchal structure. Positions and their corresponding power are made very clear - it's likely you'll have very little personal contact with your boss, and you can expect to be working in a formal environment.

Taxes for official residents are drawn in a pay as you earn (PAYE) system, across five income tax bands.

• Discover what it's like to study in France.
• Visit GOV.UK - Living in France for the latest travel and visa advice.

The old towns of Nuremberg, Freiburg, and Passau will captivate history enthusiasts with their charm, while Germany's central location in Western Europe makes it the perfect starting point for European adventures. With nine neighbouring countries waiting to be explored, the possibilities are endless.

Germany holds the position as the world's third-largest economy, following only the United States and China. As the undisputed economic powerhouse in Europe, economists predict further growth in 2025, with a projected 1% increase.

The country's strong presence in exports, especially in motor vehicles, parts, and chemicals, has firmly established its position as the world's third-largest exporter. The automotive, mechanical engineering, chemical, and electrical industries continue to uphold Germany's economic strength.

It also provides a base for a range of multinational companies, including:

• Adidas
• Allianz
• BASF
• Bayer
• BMW Group
• Bosch
• Continental
• Daimler
• Deutsche Bank
• Deutsche Post
• Haribo
• Hugo Boss
• Lidl
• Siemens
• Volkswagen.

However, it's not just the larger companies that contribute to Germany's success story - many small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and family-run businesses play a crucial role in the country's economy.

• chemicals
• electronics
• iron and steel production
• machinery
• vehicle manufacturing

Despite the country’s growth and economic positivity, it still has some issues. Germany faces a shortage of skilled workers - nearly two million strong. Despite a recent easing, predictions suggest the country's skilled worker deficit could reach 1.3 million by 2030. The most critical gaps are in:

• air transport
• energy technology
• information technology
• natural sciences
• production and manufacturing
• raw material extraction.

This lack of qualified professionals also impacts the social sector, particularly education, social work, and preschool teaching. The situation in healthcare is also worsening due to an ageing workforce, with many medical and care professionals nearing retirement. This has created a lengthening list of roles needing to be filled, including:

• physiotherapists
• anaesthetists
• neurologists
• psychiatrists
• psychotherapists
• specialists in internal medicine.

The job application process is similar to that in the UK, as you'll typically need to submit a well presented CV and cover letter directly to the employer, and may be invited to one or two interviews if your application is successful.

Depending on the role you're applying for, you may be required to sit psychological and aptitude tests, and for business and management roles you may also be invited to an assessment centre.

You'll need to include copies of your education certificates with your application - this includes any vocational qualifications you've completed, as well as your school leaving transcripts and university degree. If you need to get your qualifications recognised, visit Recognition in Germany.

You can check your options for working and living in Germany using The Federal Government's Quick-Check, or explore jobs opportunities in Germany at:

• Federal Employment Agency - Job Board
• The Local - Germany
• Make it in Germany
• StepStone
• TotalJobs - Jobs in Germany

Professional networking sites like LinkedIn and Xing also offer valuable job postings.

• Anna Jones
  Intern
• Freya Thoenissen
  Au pair
• Thomas Clements
  Palaeontological researcher

As a popular European holiday destination, Germany's tourism industry has job openings available throughout the year. During the summer months, there are ample opportunities for employment in bars, restaurants, and theme parks, as they often seek to hire short-term staff between April and November.

You can search for seasonal jobs in Germany at:

• Jobted.com
• One World 365 - Jobs in Germany
• TotalJobs - Seasonal jobs in Germany
• Work in Germany - Seasonal jobs

Alternatively, you could consider volunteering as a way to build your skillset, network with professionals, learn a new language and improve your employability.

Germany is a popular base for large international companies and has a strong demand for English teachers. Most English students in Germany are adults, but you can also find opportunities in summer camps and schools, as well as the possibility of being self-employed as a private tutor.

To teach English in Germany, you'll need a Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) certificate, which you can obtain through The TEFL Org. You'll also need a Bachelors degree and a reasonable grasp of German.

For further guidance, you can visit i-to-i - Teach English in Germany or learn about teaching abroad as an English language assistant with the British Council.

If you're ready to start looking for teaching jobs, you can search the Yellow Pages for vacancies and contact organisations directly.

Interning in Germany can greatly enhance your career by providing an insight into how Europe's largest economy operates, while also allowing you to experience the German lifestyle and further develop your skills.

Typically lasting 12 months, many internships are paid in Germany. Some companies even offer scholarships for unpaid positions. The specific terms and conditions, including payment and scholarship availability, vary depending on the organisation you are interested in. It's best to contact the company directly to inquire about these details before applying.

You can find internship opportunities at:

• AIESEC - for students and recent graduates.
• GoAbroad.com - Internships abroad in Germany
• GoOverseas - Internships in Germany
• IAESTE - for science, engineering and arts students.

Your university may also be able to help you secure an internship, and German companies will appreciate the direct approach - send speculative applications or use social media to start networking.

The process of finding a job in Germany is smoother if you're a European Union (EU) citizen, as you won't need a visa. However, you'll need to register your residence at your local registration office within three months of your arrival - to do this you'll need a valid passport and proof of your residency (such as a rental contract).

Non-EU citizens will need a work visa, like the Job Seeker Visa, which allows for a six-month job search.

The Skilled Immigration Act streamlines the process of securing a job in Germany for qualified non-EU citizens. It uses a points system that considers your qualifications, work experience, ties to Germany, and even your age. This makes it easier for skilled workers to find opportunities.

German law defines qualified professionals as those with either a:

• university degree
• vocational training qualification obtained through a programme lasting at least two years.

Visit the Federal Foreign Office - Visa information to find out more about your exact entry requirements. Those from the UK can get more information from the German Embassy in London.

If you studied in Germany you may apply for a residence permit, which gives you 18 months to find a job after graduation.

Read about getting a German EU Blue Card, the main residence permit for university graduates from abroad, at VisaGuide.World.

While the majority of the German workforce has a strong grasp of English, being able to speak a decent level of German is essential for securing a job and living comfortably in the country.

This is not enforceable by law and there's no compulsory proficiency test to take. While you'll need fluency in German to hold some positions, such as within the healthcare sector, for others your employer will decide whether your proficiency is sufficient for the role.

It's best to start learning from home before you move. There are plenty of language courses available in the UK, and websites such as BBC Languages - German will help you improve.

A comprehensive beginner's guide to learning German that covers German grammar, idioms and daily expressions is available at Studying in Germany - Learn German.

Once you arrive in the country, there are plenty of other opportunities to get your standard of German up to speed. For more information, see German Visa - Integration courses.

UK qualifications are usually equivalent to their German counterparts and will typically be accepted by employers. However, individuals in one of Germany's 60-plus regulated professions, such as doctors and lawyers, must have their qualifications recognised in Germany before they can start working. You can use the finder tool at Recognition in Germany for the recognition of professional qualifications.

The cost of applications for recognition can be up to €600 (£508). It's also advisable for professionals in non-regulated professions to have their qualifications recognised, as this can provide potential employers with a clear understanding of their skills.

According to the Federal Holiday Act, employees who work a five-day week are entitled to a minimum of 20 days of annual leave, or 24 days for a six-day week. However, most companies provide their workers with around 27 to 30 days per year. Germany has more public holidays than any other European country, making it easy for you to find time to explore the country during your stay.

The national minimum wage in Germany for 2024 is €12.41 (£10.50) per hour. Your annual earnings will be subject to a basic tax allowance of €11,604 (£9,841). Once your salary exceeds this amount, you'll be taxed between 14% and 42%, based on your income.

For higher earners, the tax rate can reach up to 45%, but this applies to those earning over €277,825 (£235,031). If you're employed in Germany, you'll likely be subject to withholding tax, where your income tax is calculated and deducted from your monthly pay.

The workplace environment in Germany is formal and professional, characterised by a strict hierarchy and a strong emphasis on rank and responsibility.

• Discover what it's like to study in Germany.
• For a career, education and lifestyle guide, see deutschland.de.

he country has an impressive unemployment rate (3.4% in May 2024). Iceland is also the most peaceful country in the world - a title it has held since 2008, according to the Global Peace Index 2024.

Icelandic workers value a healthy work/life balance and employers strive for gender equality by actively trying to close the gender pay gap and allowing equal parental leave for both parents.

While Iceland is one of the more expensive European locations, there's plenty to see and do that won't cost you a penny. Make the most of your generous holiday allowance by exploring geysers, glaciers, mountains and volcanoes. You could visit the famous Blue Lagoon, or watch the Northern Lights dancing in the sky. The country also puts on an impressive number of festivals so check out the Winter Lights Festival, International Literary Festival, The Colour Run, Pride and the International Film Festival, all held in the capital city of Reykjavik.

Iceland's strong economy is largely thanks to its tourism industry. The country welcomed nearly 2.2million tourists in 2023.

The country's major industries include:

• aluminium smelting
• fish processing
• geothermal power
• hydropower
• medical/pharmaceutical products
• tourism.

• Construction
• Healthcare
• IT
• Tourism.

You can search for jobs in Iceland at:

• alfred
• storf.is

Local newspapers and trade unions are good places to find openings if you're job hunting in Iceland. It's also worth registering with recruitment agencies.

Skilled workers are needed in industries such as:

• construction
• engineering
• healthcare
• information technology
• tourism.

Shortage occupations include:

• civil engineers
• data analysts
• doctors
• electrical engineers
• hospitality staff
• IT specialists
• nurses
• project managers
• site managers
• software developers.

If you can apply your skills and experience to any of these shortage areas, you'll be highly valued by employers.

As Reykjavik is Iceland's economic, cultural and education hub, you're most likely to find success in the capital, unless you're hoping to work in agriculture or at a fishery.

The Directorate of Labour advises sending speculative applications to the companies you'd like to work for, as positions are not always advertised. You can also use social media platforms, such as LinkedIn, to build a network of contacts and discover available opportunities.

Most companies accept job applications via email. Enclose a short introductory message along with your CV and cover letter. Employers are looking for a concise overview of your achievements and skills - neither your CV nor cover letter should exceed one page in length.

Interviews are held face-to-face, but can be conducted via telephone or Skype if you're out of the country. While they're a formal stage of the application process, you may find your interview takes place in a more informal setting than you're used to, such as in a local café.

Thanks to Iceland's long summer days, there's plenty of opportunity for summer work.

Fluency in English will be a real benefit to the hospitality industry, where temporary positions - in restaurants, bars and hotels - are readily available, to support the demands of tourism growth.

Alternatively, for a different summer experience you could become an au pair or work on a farm.

Opportunities for casual and volunteer work can also be found on:

• GoAbroad.com
• Go Overseas
• Seeds
• Workaway.info
• WorkingAbroad

Visit the Icelandic Directorate of Labour for more guidance.

There's limited scope to teach English in Iceland, as the vast majority of the population speak the language to varying degrees and it's taught in schools from an early age.

However, opportunities do exist for skilled candidates hoping to teach at an advanced level.

You'll need a Bachelors degree and relevant language qualification, such as a TEFL certificate, to secure a position.

A focus on delivering high standards of teaching in Iceland means that prior teaching experience is highly desirable for these roles. Holding more advanced qualifications, such as a Masters degree, is also viewed as advantageous.

By completing an internship in Iceland, you'll be able to explore a new country while boosting your employability. The majority of intern positions are located in Reykjavik, and not all will be paid. Search for vacancies at:

• Erasmus Intern
• GoAbroad.com

It may also be possible to secure an internship by applying speculatively to companies that you're interested in. If you don't speak Icelandic, focus on larger firms that use English as their business language.

If you're moving to Iceland from an EEA (European Economic Area) country, you'll be able to live and work in the country without a work permit or visa. However, you'll need to register as a resident with Registers Iceland, the country's national registry, if you're staying for longer than three months (or six months, if you arrive in the country as a jobseeker).

The EEA comprises all European Union (EU) member states plus Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. In addition, Swiss nationals have the same rights as citizens of EEA countries.

If you're from a non-EU/EEA country, such as the UK, and plan on staying in Iceland for longer than three months, you'll need to hold a valid residence permit. Your employer will apply for this permit once you've accepted an offer of employment, meaning you won't be able to arrive in Iceland as a jobseeker.

Residence permits are divided into four categories. They're for:

• athletes
• qualified professionals based on collaboration and service contracts
• workers filling temporary labour shortages
• workers with expert knowledge.

Visit the Icelandic Directorate of Immigration for more information.

In submitting an application you'll incur a fee. It's advisable to apply as soon as you can - the process typically takes up to 90 days. Contact the embassy in your home country to get started.

If you're moving from an EEA country you'll need private health insurance, but you'll be entitled to free public insurance once you've been a legal resident of Iceland for six months, which you can apply for from the day your legal residence is registered. Find out more at Work in Iceland - Health Insurance.

As the majority of nationals speak English, learning Icelandic won't be necessary to move to the country. However, having a basic grasp of Icelandic will help you to settle in and get by in a foreign country. It also demonstrates to employers that you're committed to becoming a part of Icelandic life.

You can start learning the language before arriving in the country, with free courses such as Icelandic Online. Offered at different difficulty levels, this course also provides a premium service to candidates at beginner and lower intermediate levels for an additional fee.

Qualifications gained in the UK and elsewhere in Europe will generally be recognised by employers in Iceland. For more information about having your qualifications evaluated, visit ENIC-NARIC.

hour days with lunch and coffee breaks. You'll also have the right to a minimum of 11 hours rest in a 24-hour period, meaning if you travel for work and arrive home late, your next working day will start 11 hours later, even if that's after your usual start time.

Workers are entitled to a minimum of 24 days of paid leave per year on top of 15 public holidays.

The amount of tax you pay in Iceland depends on your salary. However, only 75% of the income of foreign experts in their field is taxed for the first three years they work in the country, if certain conditions are met.

You must apply for this discount through the Icelandic Centre for Research within three months of the date you start work.

• Discover what it's like to study in Iceland.

Ireland is famous for its history and folklore. Working in the country, you'll be able to enjoy the lush green landscapes and vibrant cities, and perhaps indulge in a Guinness or two.

The job market is mostly dominated by the service sector. There are opportunities in several major industries including the thriving technology sector, where there is high demand for IT workers. Additionally, due to Ireland's increasing popularity as a holiday destination, the hospitality and tourism industry requires both skilled and casual workers.

• Beverages and brewing
• Chemicals
• Computer hardware and software
• Food products
• Medical devices and pharmaceuticals

The country is also home to several multinational companies, including:

• Apple
• Facebook (Meta)
• Google
• Microsoft
• Ryanair

Competition for skilled jobs is fierce and your chances of securing work will increase with relevant work experience and third-level qualifications. In general, work will be easier to come by in major towns and cities such as Cork, Dublin and Galway. While the capital city of Dublin is known to be relatively expensive, the cost of living is still much cheaper than other major European cities - such as Copenhagen, London, Paris and Zurich.

Look for job vacancies at:

• Irish Jobs
• Jobs.ie
• Monster.ie
• RecruitIreland.com

The Irish economy has skills shortages in several areas including:

• Business and finance - accountants, business intelligence analysts, financial advisers, risk and compliance professionals
• Healthcare - nursing and healthcare lecturers.
• Languages - fluency in a second language for roles in law, marketing, accountancy, education and publishing.
• IT - app developers, data analysts, software developers, IT support specialists, programmers.
• Teaching - private school staff and university educators.
• Creative design - advertisers, publishers and educators.
• Construction - trades, business developers, city planners and architects.

You can begin applying for jobs in Ireland before you arrive in the country. While it's not necessary to have a job lined up before you get there, starting your job search from your home country can give you a head start.

The application and interview processes are similar to those in the UK. You can search for job openings online, in newspapers, or through your professional networks, and then apply with your CV and cover letter or through an online application form.

If your application is successful, you might be asked to attend a formal interview, which could involve multiple stages such as a phone interview followed by an in-person meeting.

For some jobs, you may also need to participate in an assessment day. Your CV should be one to two pages long, and it's a good idea to mention your level of English proficiency if it's not your first language, as well as any other languages you speak.

During the busy summer tourism season, finding temporary, seasonal, and casual jobs should not be difficult, especially in the larger towns and cities.

Temporary jobs can range from cleaning and promotions to teaching and working in the hospitality industry. You can find summer and seasonal work in Ireland at jobs.ie - Summer Jobs.

Volunteering is another great way to enhance your CV and demonstrate to potential employers that you are committed to learning and improving your skills. Volunteer Ireland, the country's national volunteering organisation, supports individuals who want to volunteer across the country. It's important to thoroughly research all volunteering opportunities and carefully review the terms and conditions before committing to a programme.

Ireland is a popular destination for those who want to learn English. Typical employers include commercial language schools, public and private schools, and institutions of higher education.

The majority of English as a foreign language (EFL) schools are privately run and are located in or around Dublin, but work can also be found in smaller towns and cities such as Cork and Galway.

The Accreditation and Coordination of English Language Services (ACELS) is the national body responsible for the development and management of English language teaching organisations in the country. To search for schools, visit ACELS - Schools.

To become an English Language Teacher (ELT) in Ireland, ACELS requires you to have a Bachelors degree and a recognised ELT qualification. These qualifications include:

• CELT
• CELTA
• Trinity ESOL

Online ELT and i-to-i ELT qualifications are not recognised in Ireland.

To search for ELT jobs in the country see ELT Ireland Jobs Board.

In Ireland's competitive job market, having relevant work experience increases your chances of securing a job. Depending on your industry, you can reach out to firms directly to inquire about available work experience opportunities. Additionally, numerous services offer assistance in finding work experience placements including:

• Careersportal.ie
• Equipeople - Irish Agricultural Work Experience
• Gradireland
• Intern Group
• InternshipsIreland

Internships and summer work placements for students can also be arranged by:

• AIESEC UK - for students and recent graduates
• IAESTE UK - for science, engineering and applied arts students.

Citizens of the UK and EU do not require a visa to enter Ireland. However, non-EU or international citizens may need a visa to work in Ireland, which can be applied for online through the Irish Nationalisation and Immigration Service (INIS).

UK, EU, European Economic Area (EEA), and Swiss nationals have the right to work in Ireland without needing an employment permit, and they are treated the same as Irish citizens when applying for a job.

If you are from a country outside the EU, you will need an employment permit to work in Ireland prior to your arrival in the country. However, in some cases, if you are coming to live with family, you may not need one. There are different types of permits, including a general permit and a critical skills permit.

For more information on work visas and employment permits, you can visit Citizens Information - Coming to work in Ireland.

English and Irish (also known as Gaelic or Gaeilge) are the two official languages of Ireland, although English is the first language of the majority of the country.

Even though Irish is not spoken on a daily basis, it is an important part of the country's heritage and identity.

Good English skills will be sufficient for most jobs, although some knowledge of Irish might be helpful.

If you are coming to work in Ireland and English is not your first language, you may have to demonstrate your level of English proficiency when applying for jobs.

Irish higher education qualifications are directly comparable to those in the UK. Therefore, if you have a UK Bachelors, Masters, or PhD and you're planning to work in Ireland, these qualifications will generally be recognised and accepted by Irish employers. However, if you're unsure, it's best to check with potential employers before applying.

To find out more about the recognition of qualifications see ENIC-NARIC.

Your standard working week should not exceed 48 hours. As an employee, you are entitled to sick leave, public holidays, maternity leave, parental leave, and four weeks of paid holiday per year.

As of January 2024, the national minimum wage for an experienced adult aged 20 and above is €12.70 (£10.54) per hour. In addition, the government plans to introduce a living wage set at 60% of the median wage by 2026.

There are nine public holidays in Ireland, these include:

• New Year's Day (1 January)
• St Patrick's Day (17 March)
• Easter Monday
• The first Monday in May, June and August
• Last Monday in October
• Christmas Day (25 December)
• St Stephen's Day (26 December).

Your income is subject to income tax, which your employer will deduct from your wages based on your earnings. The first portion of your income up to a specific amount is taxed at a standard rate of 20%. This threshold is adjusted for married couples and even more so for couples with two incomes.

To find out more about tax in Ireland visit Citizens Information - How your income tax is calculated.

• Discover what it's like to study in Ireland.